Blood and Lymphoid Tissues I

Functional disorders of the blood and lymphoid organs

Multipotential stem cell theory of hematopoiesis

• hemopoietic stem cell
• granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating factor (GM)
• granulopoiesis
• erythropoiesis
• megakaryopolesis
• lymphopoiesis
• Aspiración de Médula Osea. Micro. P.A.
• Médula Osea Normal. frotis M.A.
• Precursores Eritroides en frotis de Médula Osea. G.A.
• Blastos Leucémicos en frotis de Sangre Periférica. G.A.
• Promielocito. Frotis de Médula Osea. G.A.
• granulopoiesis en frotis de Aspirado de Médula Osea. G.A.
• Megacariocito en aspirado de Médula Osea. G.A.

Evaluation of peripheral blood

• Complete Blood Count (CBC) and WBC differential
• Normal values
• Normal peripheral blood
  • normal red blood cells
  • normal lymphocyte
  • normal neutrophil
  • chloroacetate esterase stain in normal neutrophil
  • normal monocyte with non-specific esterase stain
  • normal basophil
• Morphologic features of abnormal peripheral blood smears
  • microcytosis and hypochromasia
  • macrocytosis
  • anisocytosis
  • poikilocytosis
  • schistocyte
  • teardrop rbc (dacrocyte)
  • elliptocyte
  • target cell
  • polychromasia
  • nucleated RBC
  • Howell Jolly body
  • dimorphic RBC finding
  • spherocyte
  • rouleaux
  • RBC agglutination
    
    
• Classification of Anemia
  • morphologic
  • pathophysiologic
• Disorders of Stem Cells
  • aplastic anemia
    • Pancytopenia
    • Hypocellular bone marrow
    • Hypocellular bone marrow, biopsy
    • Hypocellular bone marrow, aspirate
  • paroxymal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
  • myelodysplastic syndromes
• Disorders of Progenitor Calls
  • pure red cell aplasia
  • anemia associated with chronic renal failure
  • anemia associated withe chronic disease
• Disorders of Erythroid Precursor Cells
• Hiperplasia Eritroide en aspirado de Médula Osea. G.A.
  • megaloblastic anemia
    • Hypersegmented neutrophil
    • Macrocytosis
    • Megaloblastic erythropoiesis
    • Megaloblastic granulopoiesis
    • vitamin B12 and Pernicious anemia
  • iron deficiency anemia
    • Microcytic hypochromic anemia
    • Absent iron stores. Azul de prusia
    • Deposito normal de Hierro en aspirado de Médula Osea. Azul de Prusia. G.A.
    • Incremento de Hierro depositado. Aspirado de Médula Osea. Azul de Prusia. G.A.
    • Anillo Patológico Siderablástico. Azul de Prusia. G.A.
  • thalassemia
• Hemolytic Anemia Associated with hemoglobinopathy
  • sickle cell disease
    • Anisopoikilocytosis
    • Anisopoikilocytosis
  • hemoglobin C disease
• Hemolytic Anemia Associated with Membrane Defect
  • hereditary spherocylosis
  • hereditary elliptocytosis
  • acanthocytosis
• Glucose-6-P-dehydrogenase deficiency
• Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
  • warm-reacting autoantibodies
  • cold-reacting autoantibodies
    • RBC agglutination
    • Nucleated RBC and polychromasia
    • Erythroid hyperplasia
    • Hemolytic Anemia Associated with Mechanical RBC Destruction
      • macroangiopathic hemolysis
      • microangiopathic hemolysis
      • hypersplenism
• Anemia

• Neutropenia
• Neutrophilia

• Chronic granulomatous disease
• Chediak-Higashi Syndrome

• Disorders of Platelets
  • Decreased production
  • Increased destruction
  • ITP
    • Oral petechiae
  • TTP
    • Widespread ecchymoses
    • Renal arteriole thrombus
    • Fragmented red cells
• Coagulation Disorders
  • Hemophilia A. Hemartrosis. Macro.
  • Hemofilia A. Artritis deformante en tres hermanos afectados.
  • Factor Xase complex
• von Willebrand disease
  • Periorbital ecchymosis
• Vitamin K Deficiency
• DIC